Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar) - Sign Symptoms Causes
Definition of Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar)
Hypoglycemia is a clinical syndrome resulting from low blood sugar. The symptoms of hypoglycemia can vary from person to person, as can also severity. Classically, hypoglycemia is diagnosed with low blood sugar with symptoms that disappear when the sugar level back to normal range.
Who Is At Risk for Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar)?
While patients who did not have metabolic problems can complain of any symptoms of low blood sugar suggest, correct hypoglycemia usually occurs in patients being treated for diabetes (type 1 and type 2). Patients with pre-diabetes who have insulin resistance may also sometimes have low blood sugars when their levels of circulating insulin further challenged by a prolonged period of fasting. There are other causes are rare for hypoglycemia, such as tumors produce insulin (insulinomas) and certain medications. The causes of this unusual hypoglycemia will not be discussed in this article, which will mainly focus on the hypoglycemia that occurs with diabetes mellitus and its treatment.
Even with our advances in treating diabetes, hypoglycemic episodes are often the limiting factor in achieving optimal blood sugar control. In large scale studies that pay attention to strict control in both type 1 and type 2, low blood sugars occurred more frequently in patients who controlled most intensive. It is important for patients and doctors to recognize it, especially as the goal for treating patients with diabetes be-Asien blood sugar control is more stringent.
I Think High Blood Sugar Is Bad. Why Low Blood Sugar Also Bad?
The body needs fuel to work. One of the sources of fuel are the main sugars, obtained the body of what is consumed as simple sugars or complex carbohydrates. For emergency situations (such as prolonged fasting), the body stores sugar as glycogen in the liver. If supplies are needed, the body running a biochemical process called gluco-neo-genesis (which means to "create a new sugar") and change these provisions, supplies of glycogen into sugar. Provisioning process is emphasized that the fuel source from sugar is important (important enough for humans to have developed an evolutionary storage system to avoid the dryness of sugar).
Of all the organs in the body, the brain depends on sugar (which we will now refer to as glucose) almost exclusively. Rarely, if really necessary, the brain will use ketone as a fuel source, but it was not preferred. The brain can not make glucose own and is dependent on the entire body to supply. If for some reason, the level of glucose in the blood falls (or if the purposes of the brain increases and the demands are not met) can occur effects on brain function.
Body Can Protect Himself From Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar)?
When the level of circulating blood glucose falls, the brain actually feel the fall. The brain then sends out messages that trigger a series of events, including changes in hormones and the nervous system responses aimed at increasing blood glucose levels. Expenditure reduced insulin and hormones that promote blood glucose levels are higher, such as glucagon, cortisol, growth hormone, and epinephrine are all increased. As mentioned above, there are supplies of glycogen in the liver that can be quickly converted into glucose.
In addition to the biochemical processes that occur, the body begins to consciously alert the affected person that an inter food by causing the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia are discussed below.
Symptoms of Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar), and How Low Is Too Low?
Biochemical response of the body in hypoglycemia usually starts when sugars are at a height / mid of 70s. At this point, the liver releases his supply and supplies, the hormones mentioned above began to indulge. In many people, this process occurs without any clinical symptoms. The amount of insulin produced is also low in an attempt to prevent a further fall in glucose.
While there is some degree of diversity among the people, most will usually develop symptoms that suggest hypoglycemia when blood glucose levels down to the mid 60s. The first set of symptoms called adrenergic (or sympathetic) because they relate to the nervous system response to hypoglycemia. Patients may experience any of the following;
* Anxiety,
* Sweating,
* A great hunger,
* Chills,
* Weakness,
* Palpitations, and
* Often has difficulty speaking.
In most patients, these symptoms are easily recognizable. The vast majority of patients with only experienced this degree of hypoglycemia if they are on drugs or insulin. Patients (with diabetes or who have insulin resistance) with high levels of circulating insulin are fasting or reduce their carbohydrate intake drastically should also commemorated. These individuals may also individual experience hypoglycemia being.
Anyone who has experienced episodes of hypoglycemia describe the sense of emergency to eat and relieve symptoms. And, it just is the essence of these symptoms. They act as warning signs. At this level, the brain is still able to access the circulating blood glucose for fuel. The symptoms of a person providing an opportunity to raise blood glucose levels before the brain is affected.
If someone does not or can not respond by eating something to raise blood glucose, the levels of glucose continues to fall. At one place on the limits of 50 mg / dl, most patients continued into the limitations neuro-glyco-penic (brain not getting enough glucose). In this time, the symptoms progress to confusion, sleepiness, changes in behavior, coma, and seizures (attacks).
Treating Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar)
Control of acute hypoglycemia involving shipping / delivery is faster than the source of sugars that are easily absorbed. Regular soda, juice, lifesavers, table sugar, and the like are good options. In general, doses of 15 grams of glucose is given, followed by assessment of symptoms and blood glucose check if possible. Jia after 10 minutes there is no improvement, an additional 10-15 grams should be given. This can be repeated up to three times. At that point, the patient should be considered as not responding to therapy and ambulance should be called.
Ekwivalensi than 10-15 grams of glucose is:
* Four lifesavers
* 4 teaspoons sugar
* 1 / 2 can of regular soda or juice
Many people like the idea of treating hypoglycemia with cake, cookies, and brownies. However, sugar in the form of complex carbohydrates or sugars combined with fats and proteins is far too slowly absorbed to be beneficial in the acute treatment of hypoglycemia.
Once the acute episode has been treated, healthy carbohydrates and long acting to maintain blood sugars at the appropriate boundaries should be consumed. Half a sandwich is a viable option.
If a hypoglycemic episode has progressed to the point where the patient can not or will not eat anything by mouth, which measures more drastic will be necessary. In many cases, family members or roommates can be trained in the use of glucagon. Glucagon causes the rapid release of glucose deposits from the heart. He was given intramuscular injections in patients who can not eat glucose by mouth. Response is usually seen within minutes and lasts for approximately 90 minutes. Once again, a long acting source of glucose must be consumed afterward to maintain blood sugar levels within safe limits. If glucagon is not available and the patient is unable to eat anything by mouth, emergency services (eg 911) must be called immediately. Intravenous routes of glucose entry should be established as soon as possible.
With a history of recurrent hypoglycemic episodes, the first step in treatment is to assess whether the hypoglycemia associated with drugs or insulin treatment. Patients with a consistent pattern of hypoglycemia may benefit from the adjustment of drug dosage. It is important that patients check the values of blood glucose several times a day to help determine whether there is a pattern related to foods or medications.
Again, What To Do To Control Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar)?
Yes. Patients must wear identification stating that they had diabetes and whether they have a recurrence of hypoglycemia. Patients at risk for hypoglycemia should be advised to check blood sugars before they drive a car, running heavy machinery, or do anything that imposes a physical. In addition, patients should bring fast acting source of glucose (as mentioned above) at any time, and save the source in the car, office, and next to their beds. Efforts should be made to shrink the hypoglycemic effects of regimen-drug regimens and avoid diversity jolt-jolt on the exercise, activity and consumption of alcohol.
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